These ligaments may also begin to rub on the joint capsule of the ankle. The irritated ligaments become vulnerable to getting pinched between the tibia and talus as the foot is dorsiflexed. Irritation in the lower edge of the AITFL and the front of the ATFL can thicken these ligaments. Over time, irritation along the front edge of the ankle can lead to impingement. This is especially true for athletes who repeatedly bend the ankle upward (dorsiflexion), such as baseball catchers, basketball and football players, and dancers. Athletes who have had several mild ankle sprains or one severe sprain are most likely to have anterior impingement. Pinching of tissues in the front of the ankle is called anterior impingement. Related Document: South Mountain Physical Therapy's Guide to Ankle Anatomy An os trigonum sometimes causes problems of impingement in the back of the ankle. About 15 percent of people have an os trigonum. This separation of the os trigonum from the talus is usually not a fracture. The separate piece of bone is called an os trigonum. In some people the lateral tuberosity is not united to the talus. Two small bony bumps, called tuberosities, project from the back of the talus, one on the inside ( medial) edge and one on the outer ( lateral) edge. The calcaneus extends backward below the ankle, forming a shelf on which the talus rests. The joint formed between these two bones is called the subtalar joint. The talus rests on the the heelbone (the calcaneus). The ATFL goes from the tip of the fibula and angles forward to connect with the talus. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) supports the outer edge of the ankle. The ligament that crosses just above the front of the ankle and connects the tibia to the fibula is called the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL). Strong ligaments surround and support the ankle joint. The ankle is a synovial joint, meaning it is enclosed in a joint capsule that contains a lubricant called synovial fluid. The ankle joint is a hinge that allows the foot to move up ( dorsiflexion) and down ( plantarflexion). The fibula is the small, thin bone along the outer edge of the tibia. The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg. The ankle joint is formed where the bones of the lower leg, the tibia and the fibula, connect above the anklebone, called the talus. Welcome to South Mountain Physical Therapy's overview of the anatomy of the ankle.
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